The 2007-2008 Financial Crisis Causes, Impacts and the...

THE 2007-2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND THE NEED FOR NEW REGULATIONS The initial cause of the financial turbulence is attributed to the U.S. sub-prime residential mortgage market. The sustained rise in asset prices, particularly house prices, on the back of excessively accommodative monetary policy and lax lending standards during 2002-2006, increased innovation in the new financial instruments, unusual low interest rates resulted in a large rise in mortgage credit to households; particularly low credit quality households, the greed of investors’ for ever higher returns coupled with very minimal down payments, along with the dependence on major global rating agencies, allowed complex investments products to be sold to an†¦show more content†¦These corporations are known as the â€Å"monoline† insurers or â€Å"monoline† guarantors, and it became another casualty of the financial crisis. Globally, many financial institutions had purchased these new promising guaranteed of debts. But, every good item has a bad side, and sev eral of these factors started to emerge alongside one another. Insolvency on one of these institutions could threaten the solvency of many others. When the â€Å"monoline† insurers started to fall into insolvency problem, the market was illiquid. Suddenly, emerging financial institutions were short of cash, as well as become insolvent. Some of the affected are such Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, and Bear Stearns. But, at the end of the day, the worst effected from this financial crisis were the mortgage borrowers. Most of these â€Å"monoline† insurers did not have adequate capital to fulfill their guarantee promises. Investors’ dependence lied mostly on the high ratings placed by major global rating agencies for these institutions put the investors in a position where they could experience enormous losses. In order to survive, many banks turned to sovereign wealth funds to obtain new capital. Bad news continued to pour in from all sides. In August 2007 that the financial market could not solve the subprime crisis on its own and the problems spread beyond the U.S borders. Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, Bear Stearns was acquired by JP Morgan Chase,Show MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis : The Fiscal Crisis1355 Words   |  6 Pagessecond week of October in 2008 was the worst week for stock market during 75 years, Buckley (2011) state that the worst record was the Dow Jones Industrial Averages dropped 22.1%, but it fell 44.3% then. In general, a financial crisis is not an accident; it may take several years and has complex and interlaced causes (Claessens and Kodres, 2014). The 2007-08 global financial crisis is a typical case due to long-term non-intervention policy and loose regulation for financial market from government.Read MoreFactors That Affects The Global Economy And Its Impact On The Nigeria And Egypt Economy1568 Words   |  7 Pagesthat affects the global economy and their impact on the Nigeria and Egypt economy. In 2007, the fi nancial crisis, which later extended to the global financial crisis began in the United States of America. The origin and elements of the 2007/2012 global financial crisis have been widely discussed in the literature throughout the period. The aim of this work is to, however, try to point out the reasons and also the macroeconomic effects of the financial crisis in both countries economy and the resultingRead MoreThe Effect of Recent Financial Crisis and Regulatory Implications in Asia1532 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to lack of education. Now on the larger scale is the impact on the institutional level of the global financial crisis. The financial crisis began in United States in 2007 and spread to other countries. The crisis was triggered by a liquidity shortfall in United States banking system and resulted to the collapse of financial institutions. Asia is one major continent in which the recent financial crisis had spread. The impact of the crisis had far reaching effects on the economy of Asia than manyRead MoreCorporate Governance For A Future Economic Crisis Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pages-Can corporate governance prevent a future economic crisis. Ten years ago, corporate governance was still in the concept stage. There wasn’t a lot of information about corporate governance. After some big corporate failure that hit the economy, it has become obvious that corporate governance matters. After the collapse of Enron,Wordcom,..a new regulation was born (Sarbanes Oxley).The law was implement to increase transparency and to promote integrity and accuracy inside the companies. UnfortunatelyRead MoreEssay on Overview of the Recent Financial Crisis in the US1468 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction The financial crisis started in the USA because of subprime mortgage crisis in 2007. As a consequence of it, a credit crunch was originated and it quickly spread from the real state sector to other sectors, and furthermore, from USA to other countries. This caused a series of financial and economic crises like the collapse of housing markets in Europe, the global stock markets, global financial systems and markets, along with a lot of large banks and financial institutions, as (SunRead MoreRole Of Financial Sector On The United Kingdom1400 Words   |  6 Pagesinto trouble should be allowed to fail. Present The role of the financial services is vital to the United Kingdom, as it gives support to businesses and enables the economy to grow. The sector offers products and services which has a significant impact on the UK’s economy and forms one of the few world-class sectors. The significance of financial sector in an advanced economy implies that it is fundamental for financial development to provide support for a focused and strong money related frameworkRead MoreThe Effects of the Bursting of the US Housing Bubble on the European Union1340 Words   |  6 PagesStates housing bubble during the period of 2006-2007 had triggered the 2008 financial crisis which also spread to the European Union zone. Many major European banks, many of which had significant holdings in the American market, started to crumble, followed by bailout requests, initiating a subsequent crisis that led to the Eurozone crisis. The combination of government debt crisis, a banking crisis, and further worsen by a growth and competitiveness crisis had thrown what could probably the biggestRead MoreFinancial Crisis Impact On Institutions And Markets1196 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial Crisis Impact on Institutions and Markets The financial crisis, beginning in 2007, negatively impacted the stability of financial institutions and markets across the world. While there are many speculative causes of the financial crisis, dealings in subprime mortgages are considered the biggest culprit. As a result, those involved in subprime mortgages, such as lenders, investment banks, credit rating agencies and securities investors were among the first to feel the crisis’ ramificationsRead MoreIn What Ways Can Organized Labor Constrain the Strategic Choices of an International Business? How Can an International Business Limit These Constraints?8367 Words   |  34 PagesAssignment Cabinet in ACBT Reception. 3. This Cover Sheet does NOT need to be date stamped if you are placing in the Assignment Cabinet. STUDENT NUMBER: | NAME OF STUDENT: (PRINT CLEARLY)FAMILY NAME OTHER NAME(S) | COURSE: | NAME OF LECTURER:Mr SanjikaPerera | RECEIVED BY: | TITLE/TOPIC OF ASSIGNMENT:Group assignment – global financial crisis | â€Å"I certify that the attached assignment is my own work and that any materialRead MoreSubprime and Adjustable Mortgages1156 Words   |  5 Pagespay because they cannot afford to make the higher payment. Many buyers accepted those offers without doing enough research on these types of loans; therefore, we will see the causes and effects of subprime mortgage rates. First, the â€Å"subprime mortgage† started between the middle of the year 2005 and the end of the year 2007 driven by low-interest rates and â€Å"excess liquidity†. During this period, Mortgage brokers offered potential buyers the opportunity of obtaining their dream home. In those years

The Five Pillars Of Transitional Justice Essay - 1176 Words

Patrick Mulvenna B00700426 Transition justice - Truth In this essay I will write about one of the Five Pillars of Transitional Justice. Transitional Justice is a set of judicial and non judicial procedures and laws that have been implemented by various countries in order to deal with legacies of injustices to people s human rights. The core value of transition justice is the belief of justice. In an era of transition transitional justice can provide an opportunity for society to address past atrocities and human rights abuse. The main objective of transition justice is to establish the rule of law. The five pillars Transitional Justice are institutional reform, truth, reparations, reconciliation, prosecution and amnesty. The Pillar I have chosen to write about is Truth, Something that is true or in accordance with fact or reality. The reason I have chosen Truth is because in my example I am going to focus on The Ballymurphy Massacre. I have chosen to write about this particular legacy is because I am from the Ballymurphy area and over the years I have watched the process of truth unveiling around this historical issue. it s application to mass atrocities in post- conflict situations, mainly through Truth Reconciliation Commissions (TRC) - Hayner 1994 With uncovering truth there is always going to be advantages and disadvantages. Some disadvantages are Victims may be afraid to come forward in accusing police or the military of murder in fear ofShow MoreRelatedEuropean Integration And The European Union3311 Words   |  14 Pagesdeveloped, it inevitably came across the issue of justice and home affairs (JHA) and to what extant it had dictation over its member states’ borders. As the European Community and later the European Union established and expanded its policies over issues such as asylum, immigration and police, judicial cooperation, many began to criticize the European Union saying it was relinquishing the sovereignty of its member states. As the mandate over justice and home affairs moved from the national level toRead MoreThe Rwanda Of The Rwandan Defence Force904 Words   |  4 Pagesvictims and bystanders with difficult answers on how to solve them. The post-genocide nation of Rwanda witnessed one of the most horrific events a nation could experience, genocide. However, it has rebuilt itself to become an example nation for transitional justice, political stability and economic development. Rwanda’s military capabilities within the institute of the Rwandan Defence Force (RDF) are well known for its organisation capability and effectiveness in compact. In a Gallup Polling 2013 GlobalRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Brazil, Directed by Terry Gilliam1637 Words   |  7 Pagesobvious change, but underneath the thick skin and amongst the complex systems, exists another layer of transitions. Ideas, rationales, ideologies and beliefs all dwell within this layer of each being. It could be said that a nation can also fit this transitional framework. A nation grows in both size (wealth, population, power), and in ideological maturity (emancipation of slaves, civil rights, women’s rights†¦etc). This constant evolution of ideas and size is the foundation of a successful government.Read MoreSocial And Legal Aspects Of The Church And The State4621 Words   |  19 Pagesthat have sin ce been created to take care of the immigration issue have over time constituted a complicated, cross-agency structure, which rotate around six main pillars: border enforcement, information and interoperability of data systems, visa controls and travel screening, the fork of immigration enforcement and the criminal justice system, and the detention and deportation of non-citizens (Meissner, Kerwin, Chishti Bergeron, 2013, Pp 1-2). The Catholic Church The Catholic Church is the singleRead MorePublic Administration Under the King Ashoka4145 Words   |  17 Pagesabroad. Ashoka built a number of rock edicts and pillars to spread the gospel of Buddhism. ADMINISTRATION UNDER ASHOKA Before the Kalinga war, the Mauryan administration under Ashoka was not different from that of his predecessors. Ashoka, like previous Mauryan kings, was at the head of the centralized administrative system. He was helped by a council of ministers that was in charge of different ministries like taxation, army, agriculture, justice, etc. The empire was divided into administrativeRead MoreFight Club Essay2874 Words   |  12 Pagesconsidered the family’s flag bearer and figure head, ever responsible for all aspects of behavior his household conducts. Historically, in Europe, between the collapse of the Roman Empire and 600 A.D; individuals and families â€Å"act as their own criminal justice systems.† (Lab et al. 4). Back in those days, enforcement of laws and delivery of punishment were in its infancy; and â€Å"societies rely solely on informal social control to influence people’s behavior.† (Lab et al. 3). Several variations of informalRead MoreCorruptio n Is Barrier to Development in Pakistan9592 Words   |  39 PagesPakistan and barrier to its development. 1. Factors encouraging corruption in Pakistan A. Poor government policies B. Arrival of foreign remittance C. Afghan War 2. A barrier to development in Pakistan A. A crime against prosperity B. A barrier to justice C. A barrier to democracy D. A crime against the environment E. A barrier to health F. A barrier to education 3. Anti-corruption agencies 4. Transparency International report about Pakistan 5. Corruption Perception Index 6. National Corruption PerceptionRead MoreDeveloping Countries in the World Trade in Agriculture: Bangladesh Perspective.19109 Words   |  77 Pagestariffs for a fixed quota of imports. In case of commodities for which the import level was negligible, a minimum level of access of three percent of domestic consumption during the base year was required to be made for the developing countries and five percent for the developed countries. Being an LDC, Bangladesh is not required to undertake any such commitment. However, Bangladesh will not be allowed to inc rease its bound tariff. Tariff bound for Bangladesh has been set at a uniform ceiling rateRead MoreAchievement of the Millennium Development Goals (Mdgs) for Education in Ethiopia14429 Words   |  58 Pages many children continue to remain behind normal schooling progress. According to the Ministry of Education the Current national figures indicate that nearly 45 percent of the children who enroll in grade one drop out school before completing grade five (MOE, 2005). There is also the problem of children of getting the chance to be in school at an appropriate age. For instance in 2004/05 the Ministry of Education showed that of the total children who were enrolled in grade one, only about 60 percentRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagesaddress the increasing demand for safe, highquality, and effective health care services? In the near term, the new health care laws identify great challenges in the management of chronic conditions, primary care (including care coordin ation and transitional care), prevention and wellness, and the prevention of adverse events (such as hospital-acquired infections). The demand for better provision of mental health services, school health services, long-term care, and palliative care (including end-of-life

A Man S Best Friend Free Essays

The people of this time adopted orphaned wolf pup and nursed them Shoemaker 2 with small children and babies. Once generations of these tamed wolves star Ted to breed more domesticated versions followed, eventually giving way to more dog like attire tutees. These dogs proved loyal companions in many ways: participating in hunting rituals, create nag strong companionship with its owner, and protecting the community it was raised in [parallel structure]. We will write a custom essay sample on A Man S Best Friend or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the population of humans started dispersing around the globe, many varieties of dog breeds followed suit. Depending on the area, many breeds were specialize De to perform a specific role. Breeds such as Beagles and Dachshunds were bred specifically f or hunting, with breeds such as Australian Sheppard and Border Collies for herding. Whatever the task, all dogs showed infinite amounts of companionship, which entitled them to the phrase e â€Å"man’s best friend. † Although today dogs are usually found in homes, they’ve never lost the e love and companionship they share for their owner, which is why fortresses percent of all households in the U. S. Own at least one. Dogs create an atmosphere of love, loyalty, and co impassion, earning their name, and the phrase in which we all know them by. The emotional attachment that dogs have to their owners IS unmatched by an y other animal. Dogs do not judge their owner, or hold a grudge. Canines, unlike the r species, forgive and forget quickly, which is evident by their ancestors. Wolf packs resolve disc agreements instantaneously, and move on. Since an owner is all that a dog has, they pick up on nonverbal clues which would be unattainable to a stranger, or even a family member. H unmans come In contact with so many people during the day that they’ve forgotten this useful tool, but their canine hasn’t. Each day when they get home the dog is waiting for them, as h app as the day before to greet them. Dogs help their owners unwind and relieve stress. This resolves issues and tension that humans build up in the struggle of everyday life. Playing and intent reacting with dogs Shoemaker 3 leads to increased levels of extinction, a stress relieving hormone, while decree sing cortical, a stress inducing hormone. â€Å"both pet ownership and social support are significant ant predictors of survival, independent of the effects of the other psychosocial factors and pay ecologic status† (Marathons), confirmed heart disease researchers whom researched this theory . Socializing with a go not only reduces the effects of aging, such as a heart attack or stroke, but also enhances the longevity of the owner. An Arizona school principle that has merged learning with canines evokes, â€Å"You can always talk to a dog, and the dogs not going to judge you† ( Marathons). This phrase is why many dog owners mourn so dramatically when they lose their c Annie counterpart, because they didn’t just lose a pet, but a best friend. The willingness of a dog t o just sit and listen, while the owner weeps, laughs, or yells, gives the owner a place to vent, just as a friend or family member. The canines compassion is the owners Achilles’ heel [allusion The life of a dog experiences many of the things its owner does as well, which creates a boo ND almost unbreakable by any occurrence. These experiences create a profound relation unships with the owner, as strong as a family member, because Of the sheer amount Of joy the dog brings into its handler. The dog loves them the same, even after getting laid off, being poor, or having a bad day [parallel structure]. Each day when the owner comes home, they know the e dog will be there, happy to have them in their life – and that’s why the dog is a man’s best friend. There’s also a scientific reason why dogs are known as man’s best friend. A H Nigerian team of scientists recently discovered that dogs are very similar to humans w hen it comes to vocal recognition. ‘†Crucially, dog brains respond to acoustic cues of emotion I n the same way as people’,† said Tail Antics, the head of the research team. ‘Our findings us gets that they also use similar brain mechanisms to process social information. This may us port the Shoemaker 4 successfulness of vocal communication between the species†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (Spencer). T his is why dogs not only know when we are mad, but also when we are depressed, sad, or disc Aragua. Dogs hear the tonal patterns in our voices and react to them. When a person is sad, dog s hear this and come to comfort their owner. Using the human and dog brain waves, researchers et Steed the subjects on various noises. These included various types of emotional noises; crying, pain full whimpering, playful laughing, and merciful yelling. The results concluded that human and t heir canine counterparts have similar voice areas in the brain. Another experiment by sic entities at Emory University in Georgia, show that dogs do not simply just want the food the owe nerds provide, they want the affection and praise. These scientists used Emir’s to inspect the brain of dogs during several tests. The scientists raised there hands to show the dogs they would b e receiving positive reinforcement (a treat). The researchers proved that a part of the brain called the caudate nucleus, responsible for positive emotion, was congruent in canines and humans. This strengthens the idea that dogs really do love their owner for more then just the extra incentive sees they provide, they want the same things that humans want, companionship and loyalty. The experiments prove not only that dogs show genuine love for their owners, but also that the musicianship between owner and dog are equivalent. The anatomical similarities in the brain NSA of dogs and humans show that the way humans feel about dogs are also reciprocated. Do g’s are truly man’s best friend and the science behind the phrase proves it. The lineage of the domesticated canines revolves around thousands of years of domesticating and specialized breeding; however the dog has proven a loyal c maroon throughout them all. Dogs are a common occurrence in everyday households, and every person that owns one knows the impact they have on the lives of the handlers they a effect. Dogs pour all Shoemaker 5 f their loyalty, compassion, and efforts into their owner, a trait the world woo old be lucky to attain. How to cite A Man S Best Friend, Papers

Pathophysiology of Alzheimer Disease-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Discuss the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease in relation to the presenting signs and symptoms. Discuss the pharmacological Management in relation to symptom relief and ongoing Management. Answer: Introduction As per the Alzheimer's Association (2013), AD is an irreversible, progressive and neurological disorder that slowly impairs the thinking ability and memory and eventually the capability to perform normal activities. The main characteristics of this disease are the aggregation of the Amyloid plaques and the neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Another feature of this disease is the loss of communication between the neurons that transmits messages to the brain and different parts of the body. This report discusses about the Pathophysiology of the disease, based on the symptoms and case history of the patient, Antonio Renaldi, who is suffering from mild to severe short term memory loss and few such problems related to AD. The following report also aims at providing information about the different pharmacological treatments and the nonpharmacologicals treatment that are suitable for Antonio, as per his symptoms. Although the disease does not have any cure, researches are still going on how to decrease the death of the neuronal cells. Lastly an idea has been given regarding the proper management of the behavioral symptoms that can provide comfort to the AD patients, as it is seen that Antonio is also suffering from social widrawal and an idea has been given for making things easier for him. Discussion Alzheimers disease is progressive, irreversible and a neurological disorder that results to impaired memory, loss of thinking skills and results in a cognitive decline (Nelson et al, 2012). This disease normally appears in the mid- 60s and worsen if treatment is not done properly. It is a common type of dementia. Many researches have taken place regarding the Alzheimers disease, but are the main reasons behind the reason why they occur is largely unknown (Birren et al., 2013). Diagnosis of the disease According to the report the Patient has taken a CT of brain. Normally a CT of brain discloses the brain anatomy. A person having AD would show a loss in the brain mass, because the hippocampus of the brain would be atrophied. The mini mental assessment taken by the patient also shows a less score. TheMiniMental Assessment(MMSE) orFolstein testinvolves a 30-point questionnaire which is used to measure the cognitive impairment.It is normally used inmedicine to screendementia. It is used to measure the degree of the cognitive impairment and is an effective way of understanding a patient's response to the treatment. A score equal to or greater than 24 signifies better mental health. The mini-assessment score got by Antonio is quite low which clearly indicates impaired cognition. The following case study also says that the patient had taken a full blood test. A blood test could easily detect the AD before the symptoms could appear (Montine et al., 2012). A recentresearch done by the Unive rsity of Otago has discovered a marker in the blood that could help screen Alzheimersthrough a single blood test. Recent researches have shown that the microRNAs found in the blood and the brain can easily detect AD with almost 86 percent accuracy (Denk et al., 2015). Pathophysiology of Alzheimers disease As per the information provided in the case study we have come to know that Antonio Renaldi is suffering from mild to severe short term memory loss which have caused due to the impaired communication between the neurons or neuronal death. AD is a very common type of dementia. The AD specialists can recognize the histopathological features within the brain. One histopathological feature involves the presence of the neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques (Jiang et al., 2013). Amyloid protein accumulates outside the neurons and a modified form of Tau protein aggregates inside the nerve cells. AD impairs the proper functioning of the synapses and neurons. Almost trillions of synapses allow nerve impulses to travel through the brain circuits. The accumulation of the proteins prevents the communications between neurons and eventually the cell dies. In AD the Tau tangles prevents the transfer of the nutrients in the neurons and ultimately causes cell death. In certain cases the brain can also show abnormal shrinkage due to the cell loss and debris due to the dying neurons. The damage occurs at first in the hippocampus portion of the brain, that stores the memory but finally the additional parts are also affected causing severe short term memory loss, as seen in the case of Antonio Renaldi. It has been reported that in some cases genetic mutations are also responsible for the cause of AD (Heppner, Ransohoff Becher, 2015). Mutations in the gene expressing amyloid precursor proteins and Presinilin 1 and Presinilin 2 poteins potentially cause AD. Individuals suffering from AD often have difficulties in finding words to communicate with the people. Hence they detach themselves from social gatherings and often suffer from depressions. Patients with AD often suffer from sleeping disorders, so they sometimes wake up early. Antonio Renaldi is seen to have developed all these symptoms, which indicates the occurrence of AD. There are three stages of AD. They are- preclinical AD, dementia due to AD and mid cognitive impairment due to AD. The pre clinical stage involves with mild modifications in the brain. The blood diagnosis shows the signs of these disease but more important symptoms like the memory loss doesnt appear at first. The presymptomatic stage may last for 20 years or more. Patients with mild cognitive impairment have very mild changes in the thinking capabilities that are normally recognizable to the patients family and friends, although this doesnt prevent the patient from doing every days activity. Treatments of AD Pharmacological treatment They are treatments where medications are administered to prevent the illness or treat its signs. The medications that are normally given cannot stop the death of the neurons though the delaying of the process can be done (Salomon et al., 2012). There are certain drugs that can temporarily increase certain substances known as neurotransmitters. Acetyl-choline neurotransmitters are essential for learning and processing memory. In patients with AD the neurotransmitter is decreased. This deficit along with other presynaptic cholinergic deficits, and decreased activity of acetyl cholinesterase, emphasizes the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. This causes cognitive decline in AD patients and neuronal damage. Three cholinesterase are prescribed to treat mild to severe stages of Alzheimers. They are- Donepezil (Aricept) is prescribed for treating all the phases of Alzheimer's. Rivastigmine (Exelon) and Galantamine (Razadyne) is prescribed for treating mild Alzheimers. The sleep ing disorders that are found in AD patients like Antonio Renaldi, the following medicines like Tricyclic antidepressants, such as nortriptyline and trazodone can be prescribed. Sleeping pills like zolpidem, chloral hydrate and zaleplon, Antipsychotics like quetiapine and risperidone can be given to Antonio as he had been suffering from sleeping disorders. Classical antipsychotics like haloperidol (Doody et al., 2013). The risks of medicines that induce sleep for elderly people shall be kept in to mind. There are risks like falls and accidents. If these medicines are even used, they should not be continued after the establishment of a regular sleeping pattern. Non-drug methods should be tried before using medicines, as some medications might cause side effects. Non pharmacological therapies As per the informations given in the case study we have come to know that the person is suffering from social widrawal and depression. Therefore the health care providers or the family members should focus on the active management of the disease. Despite of the fact that AD does not have any proper treatment, studies have shown that an active management of the disease can improve the condition of the patients along the various stages of the disease. Active management involves 1) proper application of the treatment procedures 2) management of the condition that is already coexisting 3) Care and support provided by the health caregivers 3) Participation in many constructive, supportive activities (Burke et al., 2015). Non pharmacological therapies involve cognitive training and things like behavioral interventions. The non pharmacological courses often delay the brain ageing in the AD patients. The non pharmacological interventions are mainly useful to cope up with depressions, wandering, sleep disorders, aggression and agitation, that Antonio Renaldi is facing. There are researches that support the effectiveness of these non- pharmacological therapies (Horr, Messinger Pillai, 2015). This in some way would improve their quality of life, cognitive function, mood, behavior, performance of daily activities. Additional studies say that remaining socially and mentally active reduces the risk of AD and other dementia. Thus it can be said that proper management of this disease can make the quality of the life better and can extend the life span of the AD patients (Leon, Garci Marco?Contelles, 2013). Conclusion In the above case study, the patient has been suffering from short term memory loss, depression, sleeping disorder and loss of confidence, thus widrawal from the society. His age and the symptoms thus indicated dementia. The CT reports of the brain have shown the shrinkage in brain due to the loss of neuronal cells. The blood tests conducted also indicated towards the Alzheimers disease. Further histopathological analysis of his brain had also indicated the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques that prevents the flow of the nerve impulse through the neurons, ultimately resulting in the death of the neuronal cells. Although there are certain medications that could be used to reduce the problems faced by Antonio, like sleeping disorders, memory loss and more, but emphasis is also given on the non-drug treatment, as per the age of the patients. Henceforth it can be concluded that active management of the disease, like 1) suitable application of the treatment optio ns 2) management of the coexisting conditions 3) Care and support given by the health care provider, caregivers 3) Participation in many constructive, supportive activities could at least make their journey through the different stages of the disease, a bit easier and happier. References Alzheimer's Association. (2013). 2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures.Alzheimer's dementia,9(2), 208-245. Birren, J. E., Cohen, G. D., Sloane, R. B., Lebowitz, B. D., Deutchman, D. E., Wykle, M., Hooyman, N. R. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of mental health and aging. Academic Press. Burke, A., Hall, G. R., Yaari, R., Fleisher, A., Dougherty, J., Young, J., ... Tariot, P. (2015).Pocket Reference to Alzheimer's Disease Management. Springer Healthcare Limited. Denk, J., Boelmans, K., Siegismund, C., Lassner, D., Arlt, S., Jahn, H. (2015). MicroRNA profiling of CSF reveals potential biomarkers to detect Alzheimers disease.PLoS One,10(5), e0126423. Doody, R. S., Raman, R., Farlow, M., Iwatsubo, T., Vellas, B., Joffe, S., ... Aisen, P. S. (2013). A phase 3 trial of semagacestat for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.New England Journal of Medicine,369(4), 341-350. Heppner, F. L., Ransohoff, R. M., Becher, B. (2015). Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease.Nature Reviews. Neuroscience,16(6), 358. Horr, T., Messinger-Rapport, B., Pillai, J. A. (2015). Systematic review of strengths and limitations of randomized controlled trials for non-pharmacological interventions in mild cognitive impairment: focus on Alzheimer's disease.The journal of nutrition, health aging,19(2), 141. Jiang, T., Yu, J. T., Tian, Y., Tan, L. (2013). Epidemiology and etiology of Alzheimers disease: from genetic to non-genetic factors.Current Alzheimer Research,10(8), 852-867. Leon, R., Garcia, A. G., Marco?Contelles, J. (2013). Recent advances in the multitarget?directed ligands approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Medicinal research reviews,33(1), 139-189. Montine, T. J., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Dickson, D. W., ... Nelson, P. T. (2012). National Institute on AgingAlzheimers Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimers disease: a practical approach.Acta neuropathologica,123(1), 1-11. Nelson, P. T., Alafuzoff, I., Bigio, E. H., Bouras, C., Braak, H., Cairns, N. J., ... Duyckaerts, C. (2012). Correlation of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes with cognitive status: a review of the literature.Journal of Neuropathology Experimental Neurology,71(5), 362-381. Salomone, S., Caraci, F., Leggio, G. M., Fedotova, J., Drago, F. (2012). New pharmacological strategies for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: focus on disease modifying drugs.British journal of clinical pharmacology,73(4), 504-517.